View source for 2 Chronicles 8

{{Short description|Second Book of Chronicles, chapter 8}}
{{Bible chapter|letname= 2 Chronicles 8 |previouslink= 2 Chronicles 7 |previousletter= chapter 7 |nextlink= 2 Chronicles 9 |nextletter= chapter 9 |book=[[Books of Chronicles]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 14 |category= [[Ketuvim]] | filename=Leningrad-codex-14-chronicles.pdf |size=250px |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">The complete Hebrew text of the [[Books of Chronicles]] (1st and 2nd Chronicles) in the [[Leningrad Codex]] (1008 CE).</div>}}
'''2 Chronicles 8''' is the eighth [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|chapter]] of the Second Book of Chronicles the [[Old Testament]] in the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]] or of the second part of the [[Books of Chronicles]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]].{{sfn|Ackroyd|1993|p=113}}{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=268}} The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.{{sfn|Ackroyd|1993|pp=113–114}} This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of [[Solomon]] ([[2 Chronicles 1]] to [[2 Chronicles 9|9]]).{{sfn|Ackroyd|1993|p=113}} The focus of this chapter is Solomon's other building projects and commercial efforts.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=287}}

==Text==
This chapter was originally written in the [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew language]] and [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|is divided into]] 18 verses.

===Textual witnesses===
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]], which includes the [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century) and [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008.{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), and [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The whole book of 2 Chronicles is missing from the extant [[Codex Sinaiticus]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Würthwein |first=Ernst |title=Der Text des Alten Testaments |publisher=[[Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft]] |edition=2nd |place=Stuttgart |year=1988 |url= |page=85 |isbn= 3-438-06006-X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swete |first=Henry Barclay |title= An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek |publisher= Macmillan and Co. |location=Cambridge |year=1902 |url= https://archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up |pages= 129–130}}</ref><ref>{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle= Codex Sinaiticus}}</ref>}}

===Old Testament references===
*{{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|8:1–18|9}}: {{bibleverse|1 Kings|9:10–28|9}}<ref name=bsb>[https://biblehub.com/bsb/2_chronicles/8.htm 2 Chronicles 8 Berean Study Bible]. Biblehub</ref>

=={{Anchor|Verses 1–11}} Solomon's other building projects (8:1–11)==
This section reports that Solomon received additional cities from Hiram the king of Tyre, whereas reported in 1 Kings 9, Solomon gave Hiram 20 cities, probably in exchange.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=287}} Solomon sent Israelites to settle in those cities, similar as the policy of the Assyrian towards the defeated northern kingdom in {{bibleverse|2 Kings|17:24-8|9}}.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=287}} The remaining population of non-Israelites were
employed as slave workers by Solomon, with Israelites as guards exempted from the works ({{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|8:7–10|9|verses 7–10}}).{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=287}} Solomon was proud to have Pharaoh's daughter as his wife, so he built her a special house, also that she, as a woman (and foreigner), was not to come into contact with holy things.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=287}}

===Verse 1===
:''And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built the house of the Lord, and his own house,''<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|8:1|KJV}} [[King James Version|KJV]]</ref>
* "Twenty years": is counted from the fourth year of Solomon's reign, when he began to build the house of the Lord (the Temple) for seven years, then 13 years in finishing and furnishing it, while at the same time he also built and furnished his own palace.<ref name=pulpit>Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/2_chronicles/8.htm  On "2 Chronicles 8".] In: ''The [[Pulpit Commentary]]''. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.</ref>

===Verse 2===
:''that the cities which Hiram had given to Solomon, Solomon built them; and he settled the children of Israel there.''<ref>{{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|8:2|NKJV}} [[New King James Version|NKJV]]</ref>
*"[[Hiram I|Hiram]]": Hebrew: "Huram" as in [[2 Chronicles 2]]:3;<ref>Note on 2 Chronicles 8:2 in NKJV</ref> 2 Chronicles 8:18), which is a variant spelling referring to the same individual.<ref name="02net"/> Some medieval Hebrew mss, along with the Greek [[Septuagint]], Syriac, and Latin [[Vulgate]] spell the name "Hiram", as with [[1 Chronicles 14:1]].<ref name="02net">Note on 2 Chronicles 8:2 in [[New English Translation|NET Bible]]</ref>

===Verse 3===
:''And Solomon went to Hamath Zobah and seized it.''<ref>{{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|8:3|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
* "[[Hama|Hamath]] [[Zobah]]": were known as two separate kingdoms in [[Syro-Hittite states|Syria]].{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=628 Hebrew Bible}}

===Verse 4===
:''And he built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all the store cities, which he built in Hamath.''<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|8:4|KJV}} KJV</ref>
* "Tadmor": later known as "[[Palmyra]]", was an important oasis in the desert of Syria, c. {{convert|225|km}} northeast of [[Damascus]]. This showed the extent of Solomon's control to the north.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|pp=628–629 Hebrew Bible}}

=={{Anchor|Verses 12–16}} Public worship established at the Temple (8:12–16)==
The passage details how Solomon kept the commandments of Moses in offerings and David's ordinances in the appointments of priests and Levites ({{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|22:7–16|9}}; {{bibleverse-nb|1 Chronicles|28:6–10|9}}, {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|28:20-21|9|20-21}}).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=630 Hebrew Bible}} The three annual festivals are named here, along with the daily sacrifices as well as for sabbath and the new moons.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=287}}

=={{Anchor|Verses 17–18}} Solomon's fleet (8:17–18)==
This part parallels 1 Kings 9:26-28, with "the sea" refers to the [[Red Sea]].{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=630 Hebrew Bible}}

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Ezion-Geber]]
* [[Hama|Hamath]]
* [[Ophir]]}}
*Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Exodus 34]], [[Leviticus 23]], [[1 Kings 7]], [[1 Kings 8]], [[1 Kings 9]], [[1 Chronicles 22]], [[1 Chronicles 28]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{Cite book | last= Ackroyd | first= Peter R |chapter = Chronicles, Books of
|editor1-last = Metzger |editor1-first = Bruce M
|editor1-link = Bruce M. Metzger
|editor2-last = Coogan |editor2-first = Michael D |title = The Oxford Companion to the Bible
|publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1993 |isbn = 978-0195046458 | pages= 113–116}}
*{{Cite book | last= Bennett | first= William|title = The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles|publisher = Litres|year = 2018 |isbn = 978-5040825196 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ }}
*{{cite book|last= Coogan|first = Michael David|title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 |editor-last1=Coogan |editor-first1=Michael David |editor-first2=Marc Zvi |editor-last2= Brettler |editor-first3=Carol Ann |editor-last3= Newsom |editor-first4= Pheme |editor-last4= Perkins |edition= Augmented 3rd |publisher = Oxford University Press |year =2007 |isbn = 9780195288810 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
*{{cite book|last= Mabie | first= Frederick | chapter = I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel | title= 1 and 2 Chronicles |series = The Expositor's Bible Commentary | editor-first1= Tremper | editor-last1=Longman III | editor-first2=David E | editor-last2= Garland | publisher = Zondervan | date = 2017 | pages = 267–308 | isbn = 978-0310531814 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ | access-date=December 6, 2019}}
*{{cite book|last= Mathys | first= H. P.<!--translator: Benjamin Liebelt --> | chapter = 14. 1 and 2 Chronicles | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John | editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 267–308 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
*{{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]] |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

==External links==
* [[Judaism|Jewish]] translations:
** [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16557 Divrei Hayamim II - II Chronicles - Chapter 8 (Judaica Press)] in Hebrew and English translation [with [[Rashi]]'s commentary] at Chabad.org
* [[Christianity|Christian]] translations:
** [http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=2+Chronicles+8 ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
** [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=14&chapter=8&version=9 2 Chronicles Chapter 8. Bible Gateway]

{{Second Book of Chronicles}}

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[[Category:Second Book of Chronicles chapters|08]]
[[Category:Solomon]]
[[Category:Hiram I]]
[[Category:Solomon's Temple]]